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Emission Factors Database

Look up official emission factors, see how each one is applied to your carbon inventory, and calculate your CO₂-e.

Last verified July 2026

All values are reproduced from official databases that are publicly available. View available data sources →

Scope 1

Anaerobic Digestion

0.028 t CO₂-e/tonne

0.028 t CO₂-e per tonne of organic waste treated by anaerobic digestion (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 1 by the digester operator.

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Scope 1

Anthracite

2,616.96 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of anthracite releases 2,616.96 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on the highest coal energy content in Table 4 (29 GJ/t) and a combined factor of 90.24 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Aviation Gasoline

2.2395 kg CO₂-e/litre

Avgas burned in piston-engine aircraft emits 2.2395 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1 by the operator. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 1

Aviation Turbine Fuel

2.5837 kg CO₂-e/litre

Jet fuel burned in aircraft emits 2.5837 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1 by the aircraft operator. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 1

Bagasse

13.44 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of bagasse releases 13.44 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 9.6 GJ/t and a combined CH₄ + N₂O factor of 1.4 kg CO₂-e/GJ — biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated.

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Scope 1

Biodiesel

0.0865 kg CO₂-e/litre

Biodiesel burned in cars and light commercial vehicles emits 0.0865 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1 — the biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 1

Biomass Municipal Materials

21.96 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of biomass-derived municipal and industrial materials releases 21.96 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 12.2 GJ/t and a combined CH₄ + N₂O factor of 1.8 kg CO₂-e/GJ — biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated.

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Scope 1

Biomethane

0.13 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 0.13 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025) — the lowest of any hydrocarbon fuel. The CO₂ is biogenic and zero-rated, leaving only trace CH₄ (0.1) and N₂O (0.03), so upgraded biogas emits ~99.7% less than the natural gas it replaces.

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Scope 1

Bituminous Coal

2,436.48 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of bituminous coal releases 2,436.48 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 27 GJ/t and a combined emission factor of 90.24 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Blast Furnace Gas

234.05 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 234.05 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025) — by far the highest of the gaseous fuels. A dilute, CO-rich by-product of iron making, recycled as fuel in steelworks stoves and power plants.

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Scope 1

Brown Coal (Lignite)

956.96 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of brown coal releases 956.96 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. The low per-tonne value reflects low energy content (10.2 GJ/t) — per gigajoule, lignite is the most emissions-intensive coal at 93.82 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Charcoal

195.93 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of charcoal releases 195.93 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 31.1 GJ/t and a combined CH₄ + N₂O factor of 6.3 kg CO₂-e/GJ — biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated.

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Scope 1

Clinical Waste (Incineration)

0.879 t CO₂-e/tonne

0.879 t CO₂-e per tonne of clinical waste incinerated (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 1 by the organisation operating the incinerator.

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Scope 1

Coal Briquettes

2,107.9 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of coal briquettes releases 2,107.90 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 22.1 GJ/t and a combined emission factor of 95.38 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Coal Coke

2,895.21 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of coal coke releases 2,895.21 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1 — the highest per-tonne coal product in Table 4. Based on 27 GJ/t and a combined factor of 107.23 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Coal Mine Waste Gas

56.8 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 56.8 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). Low-quality gas captured from mine workings — its factor runs higher than seam gas because of a large residual methane component (4.6 kg CO₂-e/GJ), but combustion still beats venting by a wide margin.

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Scope 1

Coal Seam Methane

51.63 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 51.63 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). Methane drained from coal seams and captured as fuel — burning it is far better than venting it, since combusted methane reports at ~52 kg CO₂-e/GJ instead of methane's GWP of 28.

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Scope 1

Coal Tar

3,076.13 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of coal tar releases 3,076.13 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1 — the highest per-tonne value in Table 4, driven by its 37.5 GJ/t energy content and a factor of 82.03 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Coke Oven Gas

37.08 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 37.08 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). A hydrogen-rich by-product of coke making, recycled as fuel in steelworks — the lowest-factor fossil gas in Table 5 thanks to its high hydrogen content.

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Scope 1

Coking Coal

2,760.9 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of coking coal releases 2,760.90 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on the highest energy content in Table 4 (30 GJ/t) and a combined factor of 92.03 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 3

Commercial & Industrial Waste

1.3 t CO₂-e/tonne

1.3 t CO₂-e per tonne of commercial and industrial (C&I) waste sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025). The default mixed-stream factor for business waste, reported under Scope 3.

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Scope 1

Composting

0.046 t CO₂-e/tonne

0.046 t CO₂-e per tonne of organic waste composted (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 1 by the organisation operating the composting process.

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Scope 1

Compressed Natural Gas

51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ at standard conditions (NGA Factors 2025). Used in bus fleets, waste trucks and forklifts — same chemistry as pipeline gas, so the same stationary factor, with separate Table 9 factors for transport use.

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Scope 3

Construction & Demolition Waste

0.2 t CO₂-e/tonne

0.2 t CO₂-e per tonne of construction and demolition (C&D) waste sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025) — the lowest mixed-stream factor. Scope 3 for the generator.

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Scope 1

Crude Oil

3,165.56 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Crude oil and condensates combusted as fuel emit 3,165.56 kg CO₂-e per tonne, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Diesel (Stationary)

2.7097 kg CO₂-e/litre

Diesel burned in generators, pumps and stationary plant emits 2.7097 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Diesel (Transport)

2.7178 kg CO₂-e/litre

Diesel burned in cars and light commercial vehicles emits 2.7178 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 1

Dry Wood

19.44 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of dry wood releases 19.44 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 16.2 GJ/t and a combined CH₄ + N₂O factor of 1.2 kg CO₂-e/GJ — biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated.

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Scope 2

Electricity — Residual Mix (Market-Based)

0.81 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Market-based scope 2 factor of 0.81 kg CO₂-e/kWh — the national residual mix factor applied to electricity not covered by contractual instruments such as GreenPower, LGCs or PPAs. Paired scope 3 loss factor: 0.11 kg CO₂-e/kWh.

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Scope 1

Ethane

56.56 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 56.56 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). Piped to petrochemical plants as feedstock and fuel — denser than natural gas at 0.0629 GJ/m³, with state-based upstream Scope 3 factors of 23.7 (NSW) and 5.7 (VIC).

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Scope 1

Ethanol

0.0094 kg CO₂-e/litre

Ethanol burned in cars and light commercial vehicles emits 0.0094 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1 — the biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 3

Food Waste (Landfill)

2.1 t CO₂-e/tonne

2.1 t CO₂-e per tonne of food waste sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 3 by the waste generator — the landfill operator reports Scope 1.

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Scope 1

Fossil Liquid Waste (Incineration)

2.931 t CO₂-e/tonne

2.931 t CO₂-e per tonne of fossil liquid waste incinerated (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 1 by the organisation operating the incinerator.

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Scope 1

Fuel Oil

2.9314 kg CO₂-e/litre

Fuel oil burned in industrial boilers and marine engines emits 2.9314 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 3

Garden & Green Waste (Landfill)

1.6 t CO₂-e/tonne

1.6 t CO₂-e per tonne of garden and green waste sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 3 by the waste generator.

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Scope 1

Green & Air-Dried Wood

12.48 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of green or air-dried wood releases 12.48 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 10.4 GJ/t and a combined CH₄ + N₂O factor of 1.2 kg CO₂-e/GJ — biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated.

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Scope 2

Electricity — National Average

0.62 kg CO₂-e/kWh

National average location-based scope 2 factor of 0.62 kg CO₂-e/kWh for Australian grid electricity, with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.07 kg CO₂-e/kWh. State factors range from 0.20 (Tasmania) to 0.78 (Victoria).

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Scope 2

Electricity — NSW & ACT

0.64 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Location-based scope 2 factor of 0.64 kg CO₂-e/kWh for electricity purchased from the grid in New South Wales and the ACT, with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.03 kg CO₂-e/kWh.

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Scope 2

Electricity — NT (DKIS)

0.56 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Location-based scope 2 factor of 0.56 kg CO₂-e/kWh for electricity from the Northern Territory's Darwin Katherine Interconnected System (DKIS), with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.09 kg CO₂-e/kWh.

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Scope 2

Electricity — Queensland

0.67 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Location-based scope 2 factor of 0.67 kg CO₂-e/kWh for grid electricity in Queensland, with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.09 kg CO₂-e/kWh for transmission and distribution losses.

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Scope 2

Electricity — South Australia

0.22 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Location-based scope 2 factor of 0.22 kg CO₂-e/kWh for grid electricity in South Australia — one of the lowest in the country thanks to wind and solar — with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.04 kg CO₂-e/kWh.

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Scope 2

Electricity — Tasmania

0.2 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Location-based scope 2 factor of 0.20 kg CO₂-e/kWh for grid electricity in Tasmania — the lowest in Australia thanks to hydro generation — with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.03 kg CO₂-e/kWh.

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Scope 2

Electricity — Victoria

0.78 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Location-based scope 2 factor of 0.78 kg CO₂-e/kWh for grid electricity in Victoria — the highest of the NEM states due to brown coal — with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.09 kg CO₂-e/kWh.

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Scope 2

Electricity — WA (NWIS)

0.56 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Location-based scope 2 factor of 0.56 kg CO₂-e/kWh for electricity from Western Australia's North Western Interconnected System (NWIS), the Pilbara network, with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.09 kg CO₂-e/kWh.

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Scope 2

Electricity — WA (SWIS)

0.5 kg CO₂-e/kWh

Location-based scope 2 factor of 0.50 kg CO₂-e/kWh for electricity from Western Australia's South West Interconnected System (SWIS), which covers Perth and the south-west, with a paired scope 3 loss factor of 0.06 kg CO₂-e/kWh.

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Scope 1

Heating Oil

2.6009 kg CO₂-e/litre

Heating oil burned in boilers and space heating emits 2.6009 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Hydrogen

0.05 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 combustion factor of 0.05 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025) — the lowest in the tables. Hydrogen contains no carbon, so CO₂ and CH₄ are zero; the factor is trace N₂O only. Upstream production (grey vs green) is where hydrogen's real footprint lives.

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Scope 1

Industrial Waste (Incineration)

1.649 t CO₂-e/tonne

1.649 t CO₂-e per tonne of industrial waste incinerated (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 1 by the organisation operating the incinerator.

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Scope 1

Kerosene

2.5916 kg CO₂-e/litre

Kerosene burned in heaters and industrial equipment emits 2.5916 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Landfill Biogas

6.43 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 6.43 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). The CO₂ from combustion is biogenic and zero-rated — the factor is residual CH₄ (6.4) plus N₂O (0.03), making captured landfill gas one of the lowest-emission fuels available.

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Scope 1

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2.4056 kg CO₂-e/litre

Liquefied aromatic hydrocarbons — benzene, toluene, xylene and similar streams — emit 2.4056 kg CO₂-e per litre when combusted, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Liquefied Natural Gas

51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ, energy content 25.3 GJ/kL (NGA Factors 2025). Same combustion chemistry as pipeline gas — used off-grid, in heavy transport and marine bunkering, measured in kilolitres rather than cubic metres.

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Scope 1

LPG (Stationary)

1.5574 kg CO₂-e/litre

LPG used in stationary equipment — heating, cooking, hot water — emits 1.5574 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

LPG (Transport)

1.5982 kg CO₂-e/litre

LPG used for transport — vehicles and forklifts — emits 1.5982 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 1

Mineral Turpentine

2.4056 kg CO₂-e/litre

Solvents such as mineral turpentine and white spirits emit 2.4056 kg CO₂-e per litre when combusted, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 3

Municipal Solid Waste (Landfill)

1.6 t CO₂-e/tonne

1.6 t CO₂-e per tonne of mixed municipal solid waste sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025). The default factor for general waste bins, reported under Scope 3 by the generator.

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Scope 1

Municipal Waste (Incineration)

0.0537 t CO₂-e/tonne

0.0537 t CO₂-e per tonne of municipal solid waste incinerated (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 1 by the organisation operating the incinerator.

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Scope 1

Naphtha

2.1923 kg CO₂-e/litre

Naphtha combusted for energy emits 2.1923 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 3

Nappies (Landfill)

2 t CO₂-e/tonne

2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne of nappies sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 3 by the waste generator — a key stream for childcare and aged care.

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Scope 1

Natural Gas

51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). The default fuel for Australian heating, hot water and industrial process heat — every gigajoule burned is reported under Scope 1, with a state-based upstream Scope 3 factor on top.

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Scope 1

Natural Gas Liquids

2,849.52 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Natural gas liquids other than LPG emit 2,849.52 kg CO₂-e per tonne when combusted, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Non-Biomass Municipal Materials

933.45 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of non-biomass municipal materials releases 933.45 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 10.5 GJ/t and a combined emission factor of 88.9 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 3

Paper & Cardboard (Landfill)

3.3 t CO₂-e/tonne

3.3 t CO₂-e per tonne of paper and cardboard sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025) — the most emission-intense common waste stream. Reported under Scope 3 by the generator.

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Scope 1

Passenger Car Tyres

2,016.96 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of recycled passenger car tyres releases 2,016.96 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 32 GJ/t and a combined emission factor of 63.03 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Petrol

2.3126 kg CO₂-e/litre

Automotive petrol emits 2.3126 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1 for vehicles you own or control. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 1

Petroleum Greases

0.1358 kg CO₂-e/litre

Petroleum based greases emit 0.1358 kg CO₂-e per litre used, reported under Scope 1 — the lowest factor of the petroleum products. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Petroleum Based Oils

0.5393 kg CO₂-e/litre

Petroleum based oils not used as fuel — lubricants, hydraulic and transformer oils — emit 0.5393 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Petroleum Coke

3,176.5 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Petroleum coke combusted in kilns and furnaces emits 3,176.50 kg CO₂-e per tonne, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Recycled Fossil Materials

2,152.13 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of industrial materials derived from fossil fuels (recycled for heat or electricity) releases 2,152.13 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on 26.3 GJ/t and 81.83 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Refinery Gas & Liquids

2,349.2 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Refinery gas and liquids combusted on site emit 2,349.20 kg CO₂-e per tonne, reported under Scope 1. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 8.

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Scope 1

Refrigerant R-134a

1,300 GWP (kg CO₂-e/kg)

GWP of 1,300 (IPCC AR5, 100-year). Found in automotive AC, commercial chillers and domestic refrigeration — every kilogram leaked equals 1,300 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1.

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Scope 1

Refrigerant R-22

1,760 GWP (kg CO₂-e/kg)

GWP of 1,760 (IPCC AR5, 100-year). An ozone-depleting HCFC found in legacy air conditioning and refrigeration — every kilogram leaked equals 1,760 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1.

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Scope 1

Refrigerant R-32

677 GWP (kg CO₂-e/kg)

GWP of 677 (IPCC AR5, 100-year). The lower-GWP refrigerant in most modern split-system air conditioners — every kilogram leaked equals 677 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1.

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Scope 1

Refrigerant R-404A

3,943 GWP (kg CO₂-e/kg)

GWP of 3,943 (IPCC AR5, 100-year). The high-GWP blend behind supermarket freezers, cold storage and transport refrigeration — every kilogram leaked equals 3,943 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1.

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Scope 1

Refrigerant R-410A

1,924 GWP (kg CO₂-e/kg)

GWP of 1,924 (IPCC AR5, 100-year). The dominant refrigerant in split-system AC installed through the 2000s and 2010s — every kilogram leaked equals 1,924 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1.

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Scope 1

Renewable Aviation Kerosene

0.0224 kg CO₂-e/litre

Renewable aviation kerosene burned in aircraft emits 0.0224 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1 — the biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 1

Renewable Diesel

0.0197 kg CO₂-e/litre

Renewable diesel burned in cars and light commercial vehicles emits 0.0197 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1 — the biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated. Based on NGA Factors 2025, Table 9.

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Scope 3

Rubber & Leather (Landfill)

3.3 t CO₂-e/tonne

3.3 t CO₂-e per tonne of rubber and leather sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025) — tied with paper and cardboard as the most emission-intense stream. Scope 3 for the generator.

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Scope 1

Sludge Biogas

6.43 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 6.43 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). The CO₂ from combustion is biogenic and zero-rated — the factor is residual CH₄ (6.4) plus N₂O (0.03), making digester gas a near-free energy source for wastewater treatment plants.

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Scope 3

Sludge (Landfill)

0.4 t CO₂-e/tonne

0.4 t CO₂-e per tonne of sludge sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 3 by the waste generator — one of the lowest organic waste factors.

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Scope 1

Sub-bituminous Coal

1,895.04 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of sub-bituminous coal releases 1,895.04 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 21 GJ/t and a combined emission factor of 90.24 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Sulphite Lyes

7.19 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of sulphite lyes (black liquor) releases 7.19 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 12.4 GJ/t and a combined CH₄ + N₂O factor of 0.58 kg CO₂-e/GJ — biogenic CO₂ is zero-rated.

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Scope 3

Textiles (Landfill)

2 t CO₂-e/tonne

2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne of textiles sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 3 by the waste generator — on par with food waste per tonne.

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Scope 1

Town Gas

60.27 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 60.27 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). A manufactured gas supplied through legacy reticulated networks — about 17% more emissions-intense per gigajoule than pipeline natural gas.

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Scope 1

Truck & Off-Road Tyres

1,521.12 kg CO₂-e/tonne

Combusting 1 tonne of recycled truck and off-road tyres releases 1,521.12 kg CO₂-e, reported under Scope 1. Based on an energy content of 27.1 GJ/t and a combined emission factor of 56.13 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

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Scope 1

Unprocessed Natural Gas

51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Combined Scope 1 factor of 51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ (NGA Factors 2025). Raw wellhead gas combusted before processing — mainly relevant to upstream oil and gas operators fuelling compressors, heaters and site equipment from their own production stream.

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Scope 1

Wastewater Treatment

0.3276 t CO₂-e/person/year (anaerobic treatment)

0.3276 t CO₂-e per person served per year for anaerobic wastewater treatment (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 1 by the treatment plant operator. Managed aerobic treatment is effectively zero.

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Scope 3

Wood Waste (Landfill)

0.7 t CO₂-e/tonne

0.7 t CO₂-e per tonne of wood waste sent to landfill (NGA Factors 2025). Reported under Scope 3 by the waste generator — one of the lower organic waste factors.

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