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Waste Scope 3 (Indirect — waste to landfill)

Nappies to Landfill

Reviewed by Afonso Firmo, Co-Founder & Director · Updated 7 July 2026

Nappies sent to landfill carry a factor of 2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne under NGA Factors 2025. See worked examples, FAQs and a calculator for your reporting.

Emission Factor Value

2 t CO₂-e/tonne

Try it with your own numbers

Estimated emissions

Emissions from waste you send to landfill are reported under Scope 3. Calculated as tonnes of nappies × 2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne (NGA Factors 2025). Cubic metres are converted at 0.39 tonnes per m³.

Official Source & Citation

This emission factor is sourced from the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025 , Table 15 — Waste mix methane conversion and emission factors, published by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW).

Citation: DCCEEW (2025). Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025. Commonwealth of Australia. Available at: https://www.dcceew.gov.au/climate-change/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-2025

Notes

Scope 3 factor for organisations sending nappies to landfill, from the NGA Factors 2025. Emissions arise from anaerobic decomposition of the organic content producing methane. 1 tonne of nappies sent to landfill = 2.0 t CO₂-e. For volume records, apply 0.39 tonnes per cubic metre. The landfill operator reports the direct methane emissions under Scope 1.

Calculation Example

If a childcare centre sent 9 tonnes of nappies to landfill during the year:

Working Result
9 t × 2.0 t CO₂-e/t 18 t CO₂-e (Scope 3)

For childcare centres and aged care facilities, nappies are not a rounding error — they are often the heaviest bin on site. Sent to landfill, each tonne carries a factor of 2.0 t CO₂-e as the organic content decomposes anaerobically into methane, landing squarely on your Scope 3 inventory.

Because nappy waste usually travels in dedicated sanitary collections, it is also one of the better-documented streams — contractor invoices give you the tonnage almost for free.

Quick Verdict

Nappies sent to landfill have an emission factor of 2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne under the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025, applying to the 2025–26 reporting year. The waste generator reports these emissions under Scope 3, while the landfill operator reports the direct methane under Scope 1. The factor matches textiles and sits just below food waste. Volume records convert at 0.39 tonnes per cubic metre. A Scope 3 emissions calculator can apply the factor directly from contractor collection data.

How to Calculate Nappy Waste Emissions

Emissions (t CO₂-e) = Waste to landfill (tonnes) × 2.0

Worked Example 1: Childcare centre

A childcare centre sends 9 tonnes of nappies to landfill over the year via a sanitary waste contractor.

9 t × 2.0 = 18 t CO₂-e (Scope 3)

Worked Example 2: Aged care facility

An aged care provider disposes of 30 tonnes of continence products to landfill during the reporting year.

30 t × 2.0 = 60 t CO₂-e (Scope 3)

Worked Example 3: Volume records only

A facility records 10 m³ of nappy waste collected for landfill. Using the NGA volume-to-mass factor of 0.39 t/m³:

10 m³ × 0.39 t/m³ = 3.9 t

3.9 t × 2.0 = 7.8 t CO₂-e (Scope 3)

Nappies vs Other Landfill Streams

Waste stream (to landfill)Factor (t CO₂-e/t)
Paper and cardboard3.3
Food waste2.1
Nappies2.0
Textiles2.0
Municipal solid waste (mixed)1.6
Wood waste0.7
Construction and demolition waste0.2

All factors from NGA Factors 2025, expressed in CO₂-equivalent.

NGER and AASB S2 Reporting

Nappy disposal emissions are Scope 3 for the generator, so they sit outside NGER thresholds but inside AASB S2 disclosures, which require material Scope 3 categories to be reported. Sanitary waste contractor invoices provide a clean audit trail — apply the NGA Factors 2025 value to those tonnages consistently.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the emission factor for nappies sent to landfill in Australia?
Nappies sent to landfill have an emission factor of 2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne under the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025. The organic content — fibre and human waste — decomposes anaerobically in landfill and produces methane.
Are nappy disposal emissions Scope 1 or Scope 3?
For the childcare centre, aged care facility or other generator, they are Scope 3, because the emissions occur at a landfill outside your control. The landfill operator reports the direct methane under its own Scope 1.
How do I measure nappy waste sent to landfill?
Dedicated nappy or sanitary waste collections usually come with contractor weight data. If you only have bin volumes, the NGA volume-to-mass factor for nappies is 0.39 tonnes per cubic metre — convert to tonnes first, then multiply by 2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne.
Which organisations typically report this stream?
Childcare centres, aged care and disability care providers, hospitals and shopping centres with parent rooms are the main generators. For these organisations, nappies can be one of the largest single waste streams by weight.
How do nappies compare with other waste streams per tonne?
At 2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne, nappies match textiles and sit just below food waste (2.1), well above mixed municipal solid waste (1.6). Paper and cardboard remain the most intense common stream at 3.3 t CO₂-e per tonne.
Do I need to report nappy waste emissions under NGER or AASB S2?
Generator waste emissions are Scope 3 and do not count toward NGER thresholds, which cover Scope 1 and 2. Under AASB S2, material Scope 3 categories must be disclosed, and waste is commonly material for care-sector organisations with heavy nappy volumes.
Where does the 2.0 t CO₂-e per tonne factor come from?
It is published by DCCEEW in the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025 waste tables, reflecting the methane generation potential of nappies in Australian landfill conditions for the 2025–26 reporting year.

Disclaimer

This page is provided for general information, not professional or compliance advice. The factor shown is reproduced from the official publication cited above, and while we work to keep it current, government factors change — the publication is always the authoritative source.

  • Before using this value in any formal reporting — including under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 — confirm it against the current official publication and the methods specified by the Clean Energy Regulator.
  • NetNada is independent of the Australian Government, DCCEEW, and the Clean Energy Regulator. Government data is Crown copyright, Commonwealth of Australia.

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