Kerosene (Non-Aviation)
Reviewed by Afonso Firmo, Co-Founder & Director · Updated 7 July 2026
Non-aviation kerosene emits 2.5916 kg CO₂-e per litre when combusted (NGA Factors 2025). Worked examples, an interactive calculator and NGER guidance.
Emission Factor Value
2.5916 kg CO₂-e/litre
Try it with your own numbers
Estimated emissions
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Kerosene burned in equipment you own or control is Scope 1. Calculated as litres × 2.5916 kg CO₂-e/L (NGA Factors 2025, Table 8). Add 0.675 kg CO₂-e/L separately for upstream Scope 3.
Official Source & Citation
This emission factor is sourced from the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025 , Table 8 — Liquid fuels and certain petroleum-based products, published by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW).
Citation: DCCEEW (2025). Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025. Commonwealth of Australia. Available at: https://www.dcceew.gov.au/climate-change/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-2025
Notes
Derived from NGA Factors 2025 Table 8: energy content 37.5 GJ/kL × combined Scope 1 emission factor 69.11 kg CO₂-e/GJ = 2,591.6 kg CO₂-e/kL, i.e. 2.5916 kg CO₂-e per litre. Applies to non-aviation kerosene; jet kerosene used in aircraft has its own factor (2.5837 kg/L, Table 9). The upstream (Scope 3) factor is 18 kg CO₂-e/GJ (0.675 kg CO₂-e/litre), reported separately.
Calculation Example
If an industrial heater consumed 5,000 litres of kerosene during the year:
| Working | Result |
|---|---|
| 5,000 L × 2.5916 kg CO₂-e/L = 12,958 kg CO₂-e | 12.96 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1) |
Kerosene has quietly hung on in Australian industry — portable heaters, burners, cleaning and process applications — long after it left most households. Wherever it is burned, it belongs in your Scope 1 inventory, and the conversion from litres to CO₂-e is one multiplication.
The factor below is for non-aviation kerosene under the NGA Factors 2025, covering the 2025–26 reporting year. Apply it to invoices manually or through a Scope 1 and 2 calculator.
Quick Verdict
Non-aviation kerosene combusted in Australia emits 2.5916 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. The value is derived from kerosene’s energy content of 37.5 GJ/kL and the combined emission factor of 69.11 kg CO₂-e/GJ in Table 8 of the NGA Factors 2025. It applies to organisations burning kerosene in heaters, burners or industrial processes they own or control. Kerosene used in aircraft is a different line item — aviation turbine fuel at 2.5837 kg CO₂-e/L. Upstream fuel-supply emissions add 0.675 kg CO₂-e per litre under Scope 3.
How to Calculate Kerosene Emissions
Emissions (kg CO₂-e) = Litres of kerosene × 2.5916
Or in NGA energy terms: E (t CO₂-e) = kL × 37.5 GJ/kL × 69.11 kg CO₂-e/GJ ÷ 1,000.
Worked Example 1: Workshop Heaters
A regional workshop runs kerosene heaters through winter, using 1,200 litres.
1,200 L × 2.5916 = 3,109.9 kg CO₂-e
3.11 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)
Worked Example 2: Industrial Heater
A processing facility’s industrial heater consumes 5,000 litres over the year.
5,000 L × 2.5916 = 12,958 kg CO₂-e
12.96 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)
Worked Example 3: Manufacturing Plant
A manufacturer’s burners and process equipment use 18,000 litres of kerosene.
18,000 L × 2.5916 = 46,648.8 kg CO₂-e
46.65 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)
How Kerosene Compares to Other Liquid Fuels
| Fuel | Scope 1 factor (kg CO₂-e/L) |
|---|---|
| Fuel oil | 2.9314 |
| Diesel (stationary) | 2.7097 |
| Heating oil | 2.6009 |
| Kerosene (non-aviation) | 2.5916 |
| Aviation turbine fuel | 2.5837 |
| LPG (stationary) | 1.5574 |
All values from NGA Factors 2025, Tables 8 and 9.
NGER and AASB S2 Reporting
Kerosene combustion is Scope 1 stationary energy under the NGER scheme and is reported with the Table 8 factors where thresholds are met. Under AASB S2, it belongs in your disclosed Scope 1 inventory — a NGER reporting tool keeps smaller fuels like kerosene from slipping through the cracks.
Related Emission Factors
Frequently Asked Questions
Disclaimer
This page is provided for general information, not professional or compliance advice. The factor shown is reproduced from the official publication cited above, and while we work to keep it current, government factors change — the publication is always the authoritative source.
- Before using this value in any formal reporting — including under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 — confirm it against the current official publication and the methods specified by the Clean Energy Regulator.
- NetNada is independent of the Australian Government, DCCEEW, and the Clean Energy Regulator. Government data is Crown copyright, Commonwealth of Australia.