Liquid Fuels Scope 1 (Direct — fuel combustion)

LPG (Stationary Use)

Reviewed by Afonso Firmo, Co-Founder & Director · Updated 7 July 2026

LPG burned in heating, cooking and stationary equipment emits 1.5574 kg CO₂-e per litre (NGA Factors 2025). Worked examples, calculator and guidance.

Emission Factor Value

1.5574 kg CO₂-e/litre

Try it with your own numbers

LPG consumed (stationary use) Unit

Estimated emissions

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LPG burned in stationary equipment you own or control is Scope 1. Calculated as litres × 1.5574 kg CO₂-e/L (NGA Factors 2025, Table 8). Add 0.5191 kg CO₂-e/L separately for upstream Scope 3.

Official Source & Citation

This emission factor is sourced from the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025 , Table 8 — Liquid fuels and certain petroleum-based products, published by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW).

Citation: DCCEEW (2025). Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025. Commonwealth of Australia. Available at: https://www.dcceew.gov.au/climate-change/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-2025

View official publication ↗

Notes

Derived from NGA Factors 2025 Table 8: energy content 25.7 GJ/kL × combined Scope 1 emission factor 60.6 kg CO₂-e/GJ = 1,557.4 kg CO₂-e/kL, i.e. 1.5574 kg CO₂-e per litre. LPG used in vehicles and forklifts takes the transport factor of 1.5982 kg/L instead. The upstream (Scope 3) factor is 20.2 kg CO₂-e/GJ (0.5191 kg CO₂-e/litre), reported separately.

Calculation Example

If a commercial kitchen consumed 4,000 litres of LPG during the year:

Working	Result
4,000 L × 1.5574 kg CO₂-e/L = 6,229.6 kg CO₂-e	6.23 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)

Commercial kitchens, hot water systems, space heating and off-grid sites all lean on LPG, and every litre lands in your Scope 1 inventory. Because LPG arrives in cylinders and bulk deliveries rather than through a metered pipeline, it is also one of the easier fuels to overlook at reporting time.

The factor below comes from the NGA Factors 2025 for the 2025–26 reporting year. Apply it to your delivery invoices, or feed them into a Scope 1 and 2 calculator and let the conversions happen automatically.

Quick Verdict

LPG combusted in stationary equipment in Australia emits 1.5574 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. The value is derived from LPG’s energy content of 25.7 GJ/kL and the combined emission factor of 60.6 kg CO₂-e/GJ in Table 8 of the NGA Factors 2025. It applies to organisations burning LPG in cooking, heating, hot water or process equipment they own or control. LPG used in forklifts or vehicles takes the higher transport factor of 1.5982 kg CO₂-e/L instead. Upstream supply emissions add 0.5191 kg CO₂-e per litre under Scope 3.

How to Calculate Stationary LPG Emissions

Emissions (kg CO₂-e) = Litres of LPG × 1.5574

Or in NGA energy terms: E (t CO₂-e) = kL × 25.7 GJ/kL × 60.6 kg CO₂-e/GJ ÷ 1,000.

Worked Example 1: Small Café

A café exchanges cylinders totalling an assumed 950 litres of LPG over the year.

950 L × 1.5574 = 1,479.5 kg CO₂-e

1.48 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)

Worked Example 2: Commercial Kitchen

A restaurant group’s kitchen consumes 4,000 litres of bulk-delivered LPG.

4,000 L × 1.5574 = 6,229.6 kg CO₂-e

6.23 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)

Worked Example 3: Bulk Tank Space Heating

A regional facility heats its buildings with 12,000 litres of LPG.

12,000 L × 1.5574 = 18,688.8 kg CO₂-e

18.69 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)

How Stationary LPG Compares to Other Liquid Fuels

Fuel	Scope 1 factor (kg CO₂-e/L)
Fuel oil	2.9314
Diesel (stationary)	2.7097
Heating oil	2.6009
Kerosene (non-aviation)	2.5916
LPG (transport)	1.5982
LPG (stationary)	1.5574

All values from NGA Factors 2025, Tables 8 and 9.

NGER and AASB S2 Reporting

Stationary LPG is Scope 1 fuel combustion under the NGER scheme, reported with Table 8 factors and kept separate from any transport LPG use. Under AASB S2, it belongs in your disclosed Scope 1 inventory alongside diesel and natural gas — a carbon footprint dashboard makes it easy to track cylinder and bulk deliveries against both regimes.

LPG (Transport)

1.5982 kg CO₂-e/litre

Natural Gas

51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ

Diesel (Stationary)

2.7097 kg CO₂-e/litre

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the emission factor for stationary LPG in Australia?

Stationary LPG emits 1.5574 kg CO₂-e per litre under the NGA Factors 2025. This is derived from LPG's energy content of 25.7 GJ/kL multiplied by the combined Scope 1 factor of 60.6 kg CO₂-e/GJ in Table 8.

Which scope does LPG combustion fall under?

LPG burned in equipment your organisation owns or controls — cooktops, hot water systems, space heaters, kilns — is Scope 1. If your landlord supplies and pays for the gas, it may sit in their Scope 1 and your Scope 3, depending on your consolidation approach.

How do I measure LPG consumption if I buy cylinders rather than bulk?

Convert cylinders to litres using the supplier's stated capacity — a standard 45 kg cylinder holds about 88 litres of LPG. Count cylinders exchanged or refilled during the year and multiply. Bulk tank customers can simply use delivery invoices in litres.

Is the factor different for LPG used in forklifts or vehicles?

Yes. LPG for transport purposes — including forklifts — uses the Table 9 factor of 61.0 kg CO₂-e/GJ with an energy content of 26.2 GJ/kL, giving 1.5982 kg CO₂-e per litre. Classify transport and stationary use separately for NGER.

Does the 1.5574 kg/L factor include upstream emissions?

No. It covers combustion only. The upstream (Scope 3) factor for LPG is 20.2 kg CO₂-e/GJ, which converts to 0.5191 kg CO₂-e per litre, covering production and distribution. Report it under Scope 3.

How does LPG compare with natural gas and diesel?

Per unit of energy, LPG (60.6 kg CO₂-e/GJ) sits between natural gas (51.53 kg CO₂-e/GJ) and diesel (70.20 kg CO₂-e/GJ). Per litre it looks low at 1.5574 kg CO₂-e, but that is mostly because a litre of LPG contains less energy than a litre of diesel.

How is stationary LPG treated under NGER and AASB S2?

Under NGER, stationary LPG combustion is reported as Scope 1 energy use with the Table 8 factors. Under AASB S2, it forms part of your disclosed Scope 1 inventory. Both regimes expect current NGA Factors, so update values each reporting year.

Where does the stationary LPG factor come from?

From the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025 published by DCCEEW. Table 8 lists LPG with an energy content of 25.7 GJ/kL and a combined Scope 1 emission factor of 60.6 kg CO₂-e/GJ.

Disclaimer

This page is provided for general information, not professional or compliance advice. The factor shown is reproduced from the official publication cited above, and while we work to keep it current, government factors change — the publication is always the authoritative source.

Before using this value in any formal reporting — including under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 — confirm it against the current official publication and the methods specified by the Clean Energy Regulator.
NetNada is independent of the Australian Government, DCCEEW, and the Clean Energy Regulator. Government data is Crown copyright, Commonwealth of Australia.

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