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Liquid Fuels Scope 1 (Direct — fuel combustion)

LPG (Transport Use)

Reviewed by Afonso Firmo, Co-Founder & Director · Updated 7 July 2026

LPG burned in vehicles and forklifts emits 1.5982 kg CO₂-e per litre (NGA Factors 2025). Worked examples, an interactive calculator and NGER guidance.

Emission Factor Value

1.5982 kg CO₂-e/litre

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Estimated emissions

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LPG burned in vehicles and forklifts you own or control is Scope 1. Calculated as litres × 1.5982 kg CO₂-e/L (NGA Factors 2025, Table 9). Add 0.5292 kg CO₂-e/L separately for upstream Scope 3.

Official Source & Citation

This emission factor is sourced from the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025 , Table 9 — Fuels used for transport energy purposes, published by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW).

Citation: DCCEEW (2025). Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025. Commonwealth of Australia. Available at: https://www.dcceew.gov.au/climate-change/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-2025

View official publication ↗

Notes

Derived from NGA Factors 2025 Table 9: energy content 26.2 GJ/kL × combined Scope 1 emission factor 61.0 kg CO₂-e/GJ = 1,598.2 kg CO₂-e/kL, i.e. 1.5982 kg CO₂-e per litre. Stationary LPG (heating, cooking) uses 60.6 kg CO₂-e/GJ at 25.7 GJ/kL (1.5574 kg/L). The upstream (Scope 3) factor is 20.2 kg CO₂-e/GJ (0.5292 kg CO₂-e/litre), reported separately.

Calculation Example

If your forklift fleet consumed 9,000 litres of LPG during the year:

Working Result
9,000 L × 1.5982 kg CO₂-e/L = 14,383.8 kg CO₂-e 14.38 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)

LPG-powered forklifts, taxis and delivery vans occupy a quiet corner of many Australian carbon inventories — usually noticed only when someone asks why the warehouse buys so many gas cylinders. All of it is Scope 1, and all of it converts to CO₂-e with a single factor.

The value below is from the NGA Factors 2025 for the 2025–26 reporting year. Apply it to litres purchased, or run cylinder and fuel card records through a Scope 1 and 2 calculator.

Quick Verdict

LPG used for transport in Australia — vehicles and forklifts — emits 1.5982 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 1. The factor is derived from an energy content of 26.2 GJ/kL and the combined emission factor of 61.0 kg CO₂-e/GJ published in Table 9 of the NGA Factors 2025. It applies to any organisation operating LPG vehicles or forklifts under its control. Stationary LPG (heating, cooking, hot water) uses the slightly lower factor of 1.5574 kg CO₂-e/L from Table 8. Upstream supply emissions add 0.5292 kg CO₂-e per litre, reported under Scope 3.

How to Calculate Transport LPG Emissions

Emissions (kg CO₂-e) = Litres of LPG × 1.5982

Or in NGA energy terms: E (t CO₂-e) = kL × 26.2 GJ/kL × 61.0 kg CO₂-e/GJ ÷ 1,000.

Worked Example 1: Delivery Van

An LPG delivery van uses an assumed 2,000 litres over the year.

2,000 L × 1.5982 = 3,196.4 kg CO₂-e

3.20 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)

Worked Example 2: LPG Taxi

A taxi travels 30,000 km at an assumed 11 L/100 km, consuming 3,300 litres.

3,300 L × 1.5982 = 5,274.1 kg CO₂-e

5.27 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)

Worked Example 3: Warehouse Forklift Fleet

Six forklifts consume an assumed 1,500 litres each — 9,000 litres in total.

9,000 L × 1.5982 = 14,383.8 kg CO₂-e

14.38 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)

How Transport LPG Compares to Other Transport Fuels

Fuel (transport use)Scope 1 factor (kg CO₂-e/L)
Diesel (cars & LCVs)2.7178
Petrol2.3126
LPG (transport)1.5982
LPG (stationary, for comparison)1.5574
Biodiesel0.0865
Ethanol0.0094

All values from NGA Factors 2025, Tables 8 and 9.

NGER and AASB S2 Reporting

Transport LPG is Scope 1 fuel combustion under the NGER scheme, reported with Table 9 factors and classified separately from stationary LPG. Under AASB S2, it sits within your mandatory Scope 1 disclosure — a NGER reporting tool keeps forklift cylinders and vehicle fuel correctly categorised across both frameworks.

Related Emission Factors

LPG (Stationary)

1.5574 kg CO₂-e/litre

Petrol

2.3126 kg CO₂-e/litre

Diesel (Transport)

2.7178 kg CO₂-e/litre

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the emission factor for transport LPG in Australia?
LPG used for transport emits 1.5982 kg CO₂-e per litre under the NGA Factors 2025. It is derived from an energy content of 26.2 GJ/kL and the combined Scope 1 factor of 61.0 kg CO₂-e/GJ in Table 9.
Do forklifts count as transport or stationary LPG use?
Forklifts are transport use, so apply the 1.5982 kg CO₂-e/L factor. The stationary factor (1.5574 kg/L) is reserved for fixed equipment such as heaters, cooktops and hot water systems. For warehouse operators, forklift cylinders are often the largest LPG line item.
Which scope do LPG vehicle emissions fall under?
Fuel burned in vehicles and forklifts your organisation owns or controls is Scope 1. If a logistics contractor operates the equipment, the emissions sit in their Scope 1 and typically appear in your Scope 3.
How do I measure LPG use across forklifts and vehicles?
For vehicles, fuel card or bowser records in litres are ideal. For forklifts, count cylinder exchanges — a standard 18 kg forklift cylinder holds roughly 35 litres. Multiply cylinders used by capacity, and document the conversion you apply.
Does the factor include upstream (well-to-tank) emissions?
No. The 1.5982 kg/L covers combustion only. The NGA Factors publish an upstream factor of 20.2 kg CO₂-e/GJ for LPG — about 0.5292 kg CO₂-e per litre for transport LPG — which is reported under Scope 3.
How does transport LPG compare with petrol and diesel?
Per litre, LPG (1.5982 kg CO₂-e) is well below petrol (2.3126) and diesel (2.7178). LPG vehicles use more litres per kilometre because of the fuel's lower energy density, so real-world savings per kilometre are smaller than the per-litre gap, but still material.
Why is transport LPG slightly higher than stationary LPG?
Two reasons: the transport energy content is 26.2 GJ/kL versus 25.7 for stationary LPG, and engine combustion produces slightly more methane and nitrous oxide, lifting the combined factor to 61.0 kg CO₂-e/GJ versus 60.6. Together that moves the per-litre value from 1.5574 to 1.5982.
How is transport LPG treated under NGER and AASB S2?
Under NGER, LPG used for transport is Scope 1 fuel combustion reported with Table 9 factors. Under AASB S2, it forms part of your mandatory Scope 1 disclosure. Keep transport and stationary LPG classified separately in both.

Disclaimer

This page is provided for general information, not professional or compliance advice. The factor shown is reproduced from the official publication cited above, and while we work to keep it current, government factors change — the publication is always the authoritative source.

  • Before using this value in any formal reporting — including under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 — confirm it against the current official publication and the methods specified by the Clean Energy Regulator.
  • NetNada is independent of the Australian Government, DCCEEW, and the Clean Energy Regulator. Government data is Crown copyright, Commonwealth of Australia.
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