Anthracite
Reviewed by Afonso Firmo, Co-Founder & Director · Updated 7 July 2026
Anthracite has an emission factor of 2,616.96 kg CO₂-e per tonne combusted (NGA Factors 2025). Calculate Scope 1 emissions with worked examples and tools.
Emission Factor Value
2,616.96 kg CO₂-e/tonne
Try it with your own numbers
Estimated emissions
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Fuel combustion emissions are reported under Scope 1. Calculated as quantity × 2,616.96 kg CO₂-e per tonne (29 GJ/t × 90.24 kg CO₂-e/GJ, NGA Factors 2025 Table 4).
Official Source & Citation
This emission factor is sourced from the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025 , Table 4 — Solid fuels and certain coal-based products, published by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW).
Citation: DCCEEW (2025). Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025. Commonwealth of Australia. Available at: https://www.dcceew.gov.au/climate-change/publications/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-2025
Notes
Derived from NGA Factors 2025 Table 4: energy content 29 GJ/t × combined Scope 1 emission factor 90.24 kg CO₂-e/GJ = 2,616.96 kg CO₂-e per tonne. No Scope 3 upstream factor is estimated for anthracite in NGA 2025. 1 tonne combusted = 2,616.96 kg CO₂-e.
Calculation Example
If your facility combusted 10 tonnes of anthracite during the year:
| Working | Result |
|---|---|
| 10 t × 2,616.96 kg CO₂-e/t = 26,169.6 kg CO₂-e | 26.17 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1) |
Anthracite is the densest, most carbon-rich coal in the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts — which makes it the highest-emitting coal per tonne in Table 4. If it feeds your furnaces or metallurgical processes, it belongs at the top of your Scope 1 inventory checklist.
The calculation itself is simple once the published numbers are in hand. Below is the 2025–26 factor, the NGA formula, and three worked examples you can verify with a Scope 1 and 2 calculator.
Quick Verdict
Anthracite carries a combined Scope 1 emission factor of 90.24 kg CO₂-e per gigajoule under the NGA Factors 2025. Because its energy content of 29 GJ per tonne is the highest of the coals listed, each tonne combusted produces 2,616.96 kg of CO₂-equivalent — more than any other coal in Table 4. Emissions are reported under Scope 1 by the organisation operating the combustion equipment. NGA 2025 does not estimate a Scope 3 upstream factor for anthracite. The values are published by DCCEEW and apply to the 2025–26 reporting year.
How to Calculate Anthracite Emissions
Emissions (t CO₂-e) = Quantity (t) × Energy content (29 GJ/t) × Emission factor (90.24 kg CO₂-e/GJ) ÷ 1,000
Worked Example 1: Metallurgical plant burning 200 tonnes
A metals processor consumes 200 tonnes of anthracite over the year.
200 t × 29 GJ/t = 5,800 GJ of energy
5,800 GJ × 90.24 kg CO₂-e/GJ = 523,392 kg CO₂-e
523.39 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)
Worked Example 2: Small furnace burning 10 tonnes
A specialist foundry burns 10 tonnes. Using the per-tonne shortcut:
10 t × 2,616.96 kg CO₂-e/t = 26,169.6 kg CO₂-e
26.17 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)
Worked Example 3: Energy-based records of 2,000 GJ
A site meters anthracite consumption at 2,000 GJ for the period.
2,000 GJ × 90.24 kg CO₂-e/GJ = 180,480 kg CO₂-e
180.48 tonnes CO₂-e (Scope 1)
How Anthracite Compares to Other Solid Fuels
| Fuel | Energy content (GJ/t) | Scope 1 EF (kg CO₂-e/GJ) | kg CO₂-e per tonne |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthracite | 29 | 90.24 | 2,616.96 |
| Bituminous coal | 27 | 90.24 | 2,436.48 |
| Sub-bituminous coal | 21 | 90.24 | 1,895.04 |
| Coking coal | 30 | 92.03 | 2,760.90 |
| Coal coke | 27 | 107.23 | 2,895.21 |
| Charcoal (biomass) | 31.1 | 6.3 | 195.93 |
NGER and AASB S2 Reporting
Anthracite combustion counts towards NGER thresholds, and reporters must use the current NGA Factors when submitting to the Clean Energy Regulator. Under AASB S2, the same Scope 1 tonnes appear in your climate disclosure — an activity-based emissions calculator keeps the fuel records and factors aligned across both regimes.
Related Emission Factors
Frequently Asked Questions
Disclaimer
This page is provided for general information, not professional or compliance advice. The factor shown is reproduced from the official publication cited above, and while we work to keep it current, government factors change — the publication is always the authoritative source.
- Before using this value in any formal reporting — including under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 — confirm it against the current official publication and the methods specified by the Clean Energy Regulator.
- NetNada is independent of the Australian Government, DCCEEW, and the Clean Energy Regulator. Government data is Crown copyright, Commonwealth of Australia.